Display Ads
You’ve probably installed an app on your phone that displays ads while you use it. It may have a few pop ups or banners that display ad content you may be interested in. It’s possible that these ads are Google AdMob. the most popular ad kit in use for most apps. Another option I have some experience using is Ad Colony. Their documentation and guides are easy to understand and implement. Typically ad supported apps are free.
In App Purchases
Typically an app is free to download and use, however there are some features that can be unlocked when purchased for a fee. Android SDK comes with the ability to download the Google Play Billing Library to add to your projects. Or perhaps you would like to script it yourself. Other examples of in-app purchases can be power-ups in games, or extra content.
Good Ol’ Fashioned Flat Pricing
So you wrote a program and you’re confident in it’s abilities that maybe people will simply buy it outright. That’s cool! Simply slap a price on it in the marketplace and be on your merry. Of course if you want people to purchase your product you might want to release a demo or video on how it works and what it can do.