Survival Mode is the closest thing Street Fighter 5 has to a traditional arcade ladder. There's four difficulties Easy, Medium, Hard and Extreme, and individual records for each character.
Survival Mode rewards you with Fight Money and Character Experience upon your first completion of each difficulty with each character. Completing it on easy will net you 2000 Fight Money per each member of the cast. for instance. Normal offers 5000, Hard 10,000 and Extreme an impressive 20,000. These modes take some time they require you to endure 10, 30, 50 and 100 fights respectively.
Survival mode actually unlocks more than just Fight Money each difficulty nets Character Experience for each character, and unlocks of costume colours will be earned for the character and costume you're using.